Refrigerating system



April 24, 1928. 1,667,038

E. K1NDERMANN REFRIGERATING SYSTEM Filed March 10- 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 /n ven /'0 r:

Erle/7 /findermann Patented Apri 24, 1928. 1 l

- UNITED STATES 1,667,03s PATENT OFFICE.

' ERICH IINDEBIANN', 01' BERLIN-BEINICKENDOBI, GEBHLNY, ASSIGNOB '.I.O

A. BOBSIG III. B. H., OS! BERLIN-TEGEL, GEBMAINY.

BEFRIGEIB.ATING SYSTEM.

Appilication flled Iareh 10, 1926, Serial N0. 931685, and in Germany Ilarch 10, 1925.

My invention refers t the art offefn gerlzion by absorption and its particular ob ect 1s to provide means for removing the water from the evaporating vessel of a peabsorber.

riodically working absorption refrigerating machine.

As is well known to those skilled in the art-in refrigerating machines of this type which are arranged to be tipped about an axis situated below their centre of gravity and whi ch am reversed automatically by the distribution of the refrigerating liquid between the ev'aporator and the generator absorber, such liquid as may have passed through, is returned from the evaporator into the generator absorber by means of the evaporator liquid which, when the absorption period has come to an and and the. machine swings back into its initial position, will flow from the evaporator which is disposed at a higher level, to the generator Now this mode of operating requires the machine to oscillate throu h a very large angle or else the desi n 0 the machine becomes very complicate eva oration vessels become unduly large an are not sufiicientlg utilized.

On the other han refrigerating liquid in the evaporator, which is provided in stationary machines, cannot be utilized in oscillating machines in which the end of the heating period is automatically brought about by tipping in consequence of the shifting of the centre of gravity owing to the change of distribution of the refrigerating liquid in the generator absorber on the-one hand and of the condensate in the evaporator on the other band,

because after the liquid has once startecl flowing over, will take place. It is therefore imposs1ble t0 cause an interruption of the heaiting if such l1 berruptionwas not started previously. In the latter case the water is never femoved from the eva11orator, so that the residue in the, evaporator which is not; avaporated becomes larger and larger, until it renders the automatic restartin of the heating opera-. tion, which is cause b y the shifti'ng of the centre of\gravity in consequence of evaporation andflabsorption, impossible, so that the machine comes to a standstill.

According to my present invention I obviate these drawbatsks by causing the removal 0f the water int he evaporator to take and the the overflow for the no further shifting of weig hts when the machine is changing over xnto the absorbing positin, in contradistinction to the old machines, where the removal of the vgater is efiected at the end of the absorpt1on period when the machine is tipped into the generator osition. When the machi ne is Pipped, the iquid in the eva.porator will swmg from one end to the other und in doing so will driv'e art of the watery ammonia which has col ected at the bottom, into tube through which the simmonia can flow back into the absorber. I thus obtain a. very simple oonstruction and the new machine need only be tigped through a viary small a'ngle so that t e eVaporator can be filled entirly and is utilized very efliciently.

' limits.

In the drawings aflixed to this sPecification and forming pa.rt thereof a machine emb0dying my inVention is illustrated diagrammatically by way cf example,

Fig. 1 showing the machine in the generator osition, while Fig. 2 illustrates the absorber osition.

Referring to the drawing, tot absorber, 2 is an.electric heating devme, 3 is a pipe leading from the top of the ganerator absorber to a container 4. 5 is a p1 pe connecting the bottom of this contaner w1th the bottom of a vessel 6 partly filled with liquid, and 17 is a pipe leading from the upper part o? this vessel to the bottom of the generator absorber 1. The botgton1 and of. the pip 5 extends into the liquid m l;he vessel 6. 7 is a Separator communicatmg with the top of. the vessel 6 and 8 is a pipe connecting thisse parator with a condenser 9, from which a pipe 10 leads to the uppermost ot' two evaporating vessels 11 and 19.

A tube 13 mounted on the top of the low ermost evaporating vessel 12 extends from' below into the uppermost evaporatmg vassel 11, projecting so far ast0 leave only a small clearance between its upper and and the cuver of this vessel. This tube 13 is surrounded with a Clearance by a tube 14, the upper end of which still slightly ;pr o jects above the upper and of tube 13, whfle its lower end is spaced from the bottom of the vessel 11 so that gas' and liquid are iree to enter the space between the tivo tubes at 1. is a generathe top as well as 'at the bottom. A pipe 15 leading to the generator absorber 1 extends irom below into the evaporating vessel 12,

311d a wider tube 16 surrounds the projecting end of tube 15 with a clearance, the upper end of tube 16 projecting ab0ve the upper end of pipe 15 and tapering inwards to form a cap. Also in this instance gas und liquid have free access to the space between the two tubes both at the top und at the bottom. 4 18 is a cooling Wte1 supply pipe and 1 is a distributing vessel si1pplied with water. According to the osition of this vessel before or after a, tipping operation the water is conducted through a. pipe 20 to the coudenser 01' through a pipe 21 to the absorber.

- The whole system is arranged to be tipped about the centre of gravity 24, and in the position shown in Fig. 1 a contact device for the heater 2, in the position shown in Fig. 2 a stop 22 serve for limiting the tipping movement of the machine:

The operation of this machine is the following:

In the generating osition shown in Fig.

1, heat' is supplied to the solution in the generator absorber 1 by the heater 2 und the ammonia vapor is thereby expelled from the solution and rises in the tube 3. After passing throughthe container 4 the ammonia vapor enters the liquid in the vessel 6 through pipe 5, und after having been dried here Passes through the liquid separator 7 and tube 8 into the condgnser 9, where it is liquefied, theliquid flowing thro1igh the pipe 10 into the evaporating vessel 11, which is thus filled up to the top owing uo the over flow tube 13., However, owi ng to the fact that the top end of tube 14 projeets above the top end of tube 13, the liquid can enter the space between the two tubes from below so that with the liquid level rising further, onl the watery ammonia solution which remained over from a previoi1s evaporation eriod, can first enter (ehe space between -t e two tubes und in rising therein will flow over the top edge of tube 13 into the evaporating vessel 12.

However, this simple overflowing' from one evaporator into a second one should not take place in order to allow the water still present in the bottom evaporating vessel 12 to return to the generator absorber 1, for in such case no tipping of the apparatus would tube 15 and the liquid in the evaporating vessel 12 will swing from one end of this vesse l to. the other, so that it will temporarily be h1gher at the left-hand end of this vaseonsequence thereof, if the moment of reversa'l of the appratus is correctly adjusted, a certainpart of the watery ammonia at the bottom o:f the evaporating vessel 12 will vbe driven into the pipe 15 und will flow back through this tube into the generator absorber 1. The quantity of liquid which flows from the evaporating vessel1l through tube 13 into the evaporating vessel 12, after the apparatus has been tipped, will contribute to raise the liquid level in the vessel 12 und will thereby increase the overflow action described. In this manner the apparatus can be prevented from changing over only at the moment where in the absorption position the liquid level is also higher than would be eizperienced if t0o much ammonia could flow back through pipe 15 into the generator absorber 1 und could increase the concentration of the solution contained therein instead of generating cold in the evaporating vessel 12 und in the upper part of the pipe 15.

In no case, hoWever, is the.eyaporator liquid returned into the generator absorber in pro portion as it enters the evaporator vessel, but during each tipping operation only a predetermined quantity of ammonia. is returned, no matter whetherit contained more o1 less water. This quantity can, however, be adjusted also in an already existing machine by simply shifting the centre of gravity 24 or by arranging compensating weights, so that euch machine can be adjusted for different cooling water supplies.

During the absorption period the vapor' flows from the evaporator through pipe 10, condenser 9 and pipe 8 into the vessel 6, which now serves a5 a liquid valve and from this vessel through pipe 17 into the genera- {or zlibsol ber, where it enters below the liquid eve - I wish it to be understood that I do not de sire to be limited to the particular operations nor to an details of construction shown and descr1bed for obvious modifigationswill occur t0 a Person skilled in the art.

I claim:

1. Absorption refrigerating machine comprising a generator absorber vessel, an evaporating vessel, und a condenser counected both with rsaid generator absorber vessel und with said evaporating vessel, a pipe connepting the said vessels, the Whole system being arranged to be tipped automatically about a point below ifs centre of gravity, in consequerice of the assage of liquid from one to the other vessel in the course of operation of the machine and means for causing liquid, which remziined over in said evaporating vessel from an evaporating operatiofl, to flow tlu0ugh said pipe 'into said generator absorber ve'ssel when the system is tipped at the end of the generating period.

2. Absorption refrigerating machine comprising a generator absorber vessel, an evapo'rating vessel, and a condenser connected both with said generator absorber vessel and with said evaporating vessel, a pipe connecting the said vessels havingan extension projecting from below into said evaporatin said extens1on and projecting beyond the upper end of said extension, while allowing access of liquid around its lower and of gas around its upp'er end, the whole system being arranged to be tipped automatically about 0.- p01nt below its centre of gravity in.

consequence of the passage of liquid from one to the other vessel in the course of operation of the machine.

3. Absorption Tefrigerating machine comprising a ge'nerator absorber vessel, an evaporating vessel, und a condenser connected botli with said generator absorb er vessel and with said evaporating vessel, a

vessel and a tube surroundingpipe connecting said vessels having an extension projecting 'fro m below into said evaporatii1g vessel und u tube surrounding said extension und projecting beyond the uppr end of said extension, while allow ing 4. Absorption refrigerating maclxine comprising a generator-ubsorber vessel, two superposed evaporatmg vessels, a vapor counect1on from sa1d generator-absorber vessel to the upper evaporating vessel, a condenser forming a part of said connection, an overflow tube in said upper evaporating vessel extending downwards and ending in the top of said lower evaporating vessel, an overflow tube in Said lower vessel leading back into Y said generator-absorber vessel and a tube surrounding und projecting above the upper end of euch overflow tube. In testimony whereof I aflix my signature. ERICH KINDERMANN. 

